Pull up/ Pull down resistor - explained ( with calculation )
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Short and sweet: pull up/pull down resistors explained
In electronic logic circuits, a pull-up resistor is a resistor used to ensure a known state for a signal. It is typically used in combination with components such as switches and transistors, which physically interrupt the connection of subsequent components to ground. The pull-up resistor then ensures a well-defined voltage across the latter during interruption.